CHAPTER XXVI.
AND now begins the task of burying the dead and caring for
the living. It is Wednesday morning. Scarcely has daylight broken
before a thousand funerals are in progress on the green hill-sides.
There were no hearses, few mourners, and as little solemnity as
formality. The majority of the coffins were of rough pine. The
pall-bearers were strong ox-teams, and instead of six pall-bearers
to one coffin, there were generally six coffins to one-team. Silently
the processions moved, and silently they unloaded their burdens
in the lap of mother earth. No minister of God was there to pronounce
a last blessing as the clods rattled down, except a few faithful
priests who had followed some representatives of their faith to
the grave.
All day long the corpses were being hurried below ground. The
unidentified bodies were grouped on a high hill west of the doomed
city, where one epitaph must do for all, and that the word, "unknown."
Almost every stroke of the pick in some portions of the city resulted
in the discovery of another victim, and, although the funerals
of the morning relieved the morgues of their crush, before night
they were as full of the dead as ever. Wherever one turns the
melancholy view of a coffin is met. Every train into Johnstown
was laden with them, the better ones being generally accompanied
by friends of the dead. Men could be seen staggering over the
ruins with shining mahogany caskets on their shoulders.
In the midst of this scene of death and desolation a relenting
Providence seems to be exerting a subduing influence. Six days
have elapsed since the great disaster, and the temperature still
remains low and chilly in the Conemaugh valley. When it is remembered
that in the ordinary June weather of this locality from two to
three days are sufficient to bring an unattended body to a degree
of decay and putrefaction that would render it almost impossible
to prevent the spread of disease throughout the valley, the inestimable
benefits of this cool weather are almost beyond appreciation.
The first body taken from the ruins was that of a boy, Willie
Davis, who was found in the debris near the bridge. He was badly
bruised and burned. The remains were taken to the undertaking
rooms at the Pennsylvania Railroad station, where they were identified.
The boy's mother has been making a tour of the different morgues
for the past few days, and was just going through the undertaking
rooms when she saw the remains of her boy being brought in. She
ran up to the body and demanded it. She seemed to have lost her
mind, and caused quite a scene by her actions. She said that she
had lost her husband and six children in the flood, and that this
was the first one of the family that had been recovered. The bodies
of a little girl named Bracken and of Theresa and Katie Downs
of Clinton Street were taken out near where the remains of Willie
Davis were found.
Two hundred experienced men with dynamite, a portable crane,
a locomotive, and half a dozen other appliances for pulling, hauling,
and lifting, toiled all of Wednesday at the sixty-acre mass of
debris that lies above the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge at Johnstown.
"As a result," wrote a correspondent, "there is
visible, just in front of the central arch, a little patch of
muddy water about seventy-five feet long by thirty wide. Two smaller
patches are in front of the two arches on each side of this one,
but both together would not be heeded were they not looked for
especially. Indeed, the whole effect of the work yet done would
not be noticed by a person who had never seen the wreck before.
The solidity of the wreck and the manner in which it is interlaced
and locked together exceeds the expectations of even those who
had examined the wreck carefully, and the men who thought that
with dynamite the mass could be removed in a week, now do not
think the work can be done in twice this time. The work is in
charge of Arthur Kirk, a Pittsburgh contractor. Dynamite is depended
upon for loosening the mass, but it has to be used in small charges
for fear of damaging the bridge, which, at this time, would be
another disaster for the town. As it is, the south abutment has
been broken a little by the explosions.
"After a charge of dynamite had shaken up a portion of
the wreck in front of the middle arch, men went to work with long
poles, crowbars, axes, saws, and spades. All the loose pieces
that could be got out were thrown into the water under the bridge,
and then, beginning at the edges, the bits of wreck were pulled,
pushed and cut out, and sent floating away. At first the work
of an hour was hardly perceptible, but each fresh log of timber
pulled out loosened others and made better progress possible.
When the space beneath the arch was cleared, and a channel thus
made through which the debris could be floated off, a huge portable
crane, built on a flat-car and made for raising locomotives and
cars, was run upon the bridge over the arch and fastened to the
track with heavy chains. A locomotive was furnished to pull the
rope, instead of the usual winch with a crank handle. A rope from
the crane was fastened by chains or grapnels to a log, and then
the locomotive pulled. About once in five times the log came out.
Other times the chain slipped or something else made the attempt
a failure. Whenever a big stick came out men with pikes pushed
off all the other loosened debris that they could get at. Other
men shoveled off the dirt and ashes which cover the raft so thickly
that it is almost as solid as the ground.
"When a ten-foot square opening had been made back on
the arch, the current could be seen gushing up like a great spring
from below, showing that there was a large body of it being held
down there by the weight of the debris. The current through the
arch became so strong that the heaviest pieces in the wreck were
carried off readily once they got within its reach. One reason
for this is that laborers are filling up the gaps on the railroad
embankment approaching the bridge in the north, through which
the river had made itself a new bed, and the water thus dammed
back has to go through or under the raft and out by the bridge-arches.
This both buoys up the whole mass and provides a means of carrying
off the wooden part of the debris as fast as it can be loosened.
"Meanwhile an attack on the raft was being made through the
adjoining arch in another way. A heavy winch was set up on a small
island in the river seventy-five yards below the bridge, and ropes
run from this were hitched to heavy timbers in the raft, and then
pulled out by workmen at the winch. A beginning for a second opening
in the raft was made in this way. One man had some bones broken
and was otherwise hurt by the slipping of the handle while he
was at work at the winch this afternoon. The whole work is dangerous
for the men. There is twenty feet of swift water for them to slip
into, and timbers weighing tons are swinging about in unexpected
directions to crush them.
"So far it is not known that any bodies have been brought
out of the debris by this work of removal, though many logs have
been loosened and sent off down the river beneath the water without
being seen. There will probably be more bodies back toward the
centre of the raft than at the bridge, for of those that came
there many were swept over the top. Some went over the arches
and a great many were rescued from the bridge and shore. People
are satisfied now that dynamite is the only thing that can possibly
remove the wreck and that as it is being used it is not likely
to mangle bodies that may be in the debris any more than would
any other means of removing it. There are no more protests heard
against its use."
Bodies continue to be dug out of the wreck in the central portion
all day. A dozen or so had been recovered up to nightfall, all
hideously burned and mangled. In spite of all the water that has
been thrown upon it by fire engines and all the rain that has
fallen, the debris is still smouldering in many spots.
Work was begun in dead earnest on Wednesday on the Cambria
Iron Works buildings. The Cambria people gave out the absurd statement
that their loss will not exceed $100,000. It will certainly take
this amount to clean the works of the debris, to say nothing of
repairing them. The buildings are nearly a score in number, some
of them of enormous size, and they extend along the Conemaugh
River for half a mile, over a quarter of a mile in width. Their
lonely chimneys, stretching high out of the slate roofs above
the brick walls, make them look not unlike a man-of-war of tremendous
size. The buildings on the western end of the row are not damaged
a great deal, though the torrent rolled through them, turning
the machinery topsy-turvy; but the buildings on the eastern end,
which received the full force of the flood, fared badly. The eastern
ends are utterly gone, the roofs bent over and smashed in, the
chimneys flattened, the walls cracked and broken, and, in some
cases, smashed entirely.
Most of the buildings are filled with drift. The workmen, who
have clambered over the piles of logs and heavy drift washed in
front of the buildings and inside, say that they do not believe
that the machinery in the mills is damaged very much, and that
the main loss will fall on the mills themselves. Half a million
may cover the loss of the Cambria people, but this is a rather
low estimate. They have nine hundred men at work getting things
in shape, and the manner in which they have had to go to work
illustrates the force with which the flood acted. The trees jammed
in and before the buildings were so big and so solidly wedged
in their places that no force of men could pull them out, and
temporary railroad tracks were built up to the mass of debris.
Then one of the engines backed down from the Pennsylvania Railroad
yards, and the workmen, by persistent effort, managed to get big
chains around parts of the drift. These chains were attached to
the engine, which rolled off puffing mightily, and in this way
the mass of drift was pulled apart. Then the laborers gathered
up the loosened material, heaped it in piles a distance from the
buildings, and burned them. Sometimes two engines had to be attached
to some of the trees to pull them out, and there are many trees
which cannot be extricated in this manner. They will have to be
sawed into parts, and these parts lugged away by the engines.
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